Musculoskeletal tuberculosis (TB) is a rare variant of the disease. Involvement of the chest wall is even rarer. This paper aims to report a case of primary chest wall TB mimicking gynecomastia.
Case report
An 11-year-old male presented with gradual left breast enlargement for one year duration, clinically diagnosed as a case of gynecomastia. On examination; there was a firm swelling involving left anterior chest wall elevating the nipple and areolar region. Ultrasound showed thick wall cystic lesion with internal debris and bone erosion. Computed tomography scan (CT scan) of the chest revealed a cystic lesion containing fluid with a similar cystic lesion in the substernal area. Under general anesthesia, through an anterolateral incision, a thick wall cystic lesion with a very thick pus content was found connecting to another similar lesion in the anterior mediastinum with a localized thickening of the pleura …

Link :

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210261220307616